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Ancient civilisations, sandscapes, and secrets in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia was not a country I imagined visiting. Until just five years ago, it wasn’t even an option—the country was not open to tourists. Cinemas and concerts were banned, and restaurants enforced gender segregation. Women did not have the right to drive, apply for passports, or hold the same jobs as men. In a few short years, under the reforms of the new Crown Prince, much of that has changed, bringing an influx of foreign investment and curious travelers. So when a business opportunity arose earlier this year, I decided to go with an open mind and experience the country firsthand.

Most visitors arrive in either Riyadh, the capital and largest city, or Jeddah, the second-largest city and Red Sea port. I had applied for an eVisa online a week prior, and immigration was a breeze. I then took a domestic flight to AlUla, a desert oasis on the ancient Nabataean Spice and Incense Route, in the northwest of the country. 

Saudi Arabia Al Ula desert mountains caravan

Caravan AlUla

Two hours later, I was driving my Budget rental car across vast sandstone landscapes, snacks from a local supermarket in hand, on my way to Caravan AlUla by Our Habitas. (Note: I strongly recommend downloading an offline map of the area on Google Maps before travelling, as signal strength can come and go.)

After checking into my sleek airstream trailer set in a desert “campground” featuring an open-air tent with breakfast in the mornings, food trucks in the evenings, and an open-air cinema projecting films nightly onto the surrounding cliffs, I drove a few minutes to the main area of the hotel, Our Habitas (caravan guests have full access to the facilities). From there, golf carts take guests to all areas of the grounds, including the stunning infinity pool framed by red-hued mountains. Baking for thousands of years in this unforgiving desert climate, these mountains stand as silent witnesses to the rise and fall of centuries of civilisations, and they will remain long after we are gone. Floating there as the sun began to set, I reflected on just how small we are in the sweep of history. 

Saudi Arabia AlUla infinity pool mountains

The infinity pool at Our Habitas, AlUla

Saudi Arabia AlUla Habitas art

An art installation at Our Habitas, AlUla

The grounds are also dotted with art installations, including a series of trampolines nestled in the sand between a pair of cliffs. My inner child joyfully emerged as I bounced and bounced, higher and higher. At night, under a dome of stars, the place felt almost otherworldly. Daily exercise classes and evening sound baths added to the sense of calm.

Saudi Arabia AlUla Hegra tomb

A tomb at Hegra, AlUla

Saudi Arabia AlUla Hegra tomb

A tomb at Hegra

Saudi Arabia AlUla Hegra tomb mountain

A tomb at Hegra

The next morning, I explored Hegra, Saudi Arabia’s first UNESCO World Heritage site. Hundreds of towering Nabataean tombs carved into the sandstone stand as echoes of the kingdom that once thrived there. Visits are only via guided tours (in both English and Arabic) and must be booked in advance online. Nearby, the archaeological sites of Dadan and Jabal Ikmah feature centuries of ancient inscriptions etched into the rock, while the mirrored facade of the newly built event space Maraya appears as a mirage in the desert landscape. 

Saudi Arabia AlUla Elephant Rock sunset

Elephant Rock, AlUla at sunset

Saudi Arabia AlUla from above

View of AlUla and surrounds from Harrat viewpoint

For sunset, a popular spot is Elephant Rock, a natural arch with a few food trucks and ample seating. Afterwards, I headed to AlUla’s Old Town, a beautifully restored maze of narrow alleys winding among centuries-old mudbrick dwellings. The main market street cuts straight through the town, lined with cafes, boutiques, and cultural spaces. String lights give the streets a magical glow bridging past and present, and I watched both domestic and foreign visitors stroll past while enjoying a hearty local meal at Grandma Recipe. I marveled that this entire experience has only become possible in the last few years.

Saudi Arabia AlUla Old Town mural

Mural in AlUla Old Town

Saudi Arabia AlUla Old Town cafe

AlUla Old Town

Saudi Arabia AlUla Dunkin Donuts

Enjoying a non-local bite in AlUla Old Town

Saudi Arabia AlUla Old Town night light alley

AlUla Old Town at night

In contrast, Riyadh is all about scale and ambition. With a population of eight million (about the same as New York City), the city buzzes with construction cranes, symbols of its rapid modernization. Projects like Boulevard World—which will feature miniatures of global landmarks—and Bujairi Terrace blend Saudi traditions with modern flair. At the stylish Flamingo Room, we lingered over dinner as a sudden sandstorm swept through, savoring tea and desserts until the skies cleared enough to leave. Air quality is a frequent issue in the city. 

Saudi Arabia Riyadh

Riyadh

Saudi Arabia Riyadh mall

Riyadh

My final stop was Jeddah, smaller and more relaxed, with a distinct cuisine and culture. Breakfast at Tofereya introduced me to the city’s flavours, and wandering Al-Balad, its UNESCO-listed old town, felt like stepping back in time. Traditional coral-stone houses with ornate wooden balconies overlooked souks brimming with everything from textiles to trinkets, and local men socialised over shisha and dominoes.

Saudi Arabia Jeddah AlBalad Old Town

Al-Balad, Jeddah

Saudi Arabia Jeddah AlBalad cafe UNESCO

Al-Balad, Jeddah

On my last evening, we feasted on smoky grilled meats at the popular 7 Ribs. Afterwards, we headed for a sunset stroll to the Jeddah Promenade, which stretches for miles along the Red Sea. Families, couples, and groups of friends gathered along the waterfront, the refreshing breeze carrying conversation and laughter. It was in these daily moments of connection that Saudi Arabia revealed itself most fully: a place of true hospitality, warmth, and astonishing transformation. 

I left with the sense that I’d only skimmed the surface of this vast country (the world’s twelfth-largest) but also with deep gratitude for the openness with which it welcomed me. Saudi Arabia is changing with dizzying speed, and for travelers willing to come with curiosity and respect, it offers a truly unique experience. 

Saudi Arabia Jeddah AlBalad door

Al-Balad, Jeddah

Where to eat

Tama at Habitas, AlUla

Grandma Recipe, AlUla

Okto at Harrat Viewpoint, AlUla

Flamingo Room, Riyadh

Tofereya, Jeddah

7 Ribs, Jeddah

Where to stay

Caravan by Our Habitas, AlUla

Dar Tantora, AlUla

Novotel Sahafa, Riyadh

In search of the path less traveled: Nicaragua

It will likely take you the whole day to get to Little Corn Island, a small speck of lush jungle meets hidden beaches, with just footpaths and boats to get around. The island is reachable only by boat from nearby Big Corn Island, itself accessible by ferry or flight from the mainland. Often the more difficult to reach places on this increasingly crowded planet are among the more alluring, and this is no exception.

Arriving to Little Corn Island, Nicaragua

Arriving to Little Corn Island

After 3 flights, a short group taxi, and a bumpy 45 minute boat ride run by some of the friendliest people around, all our weariness dissipated as we disembarked on Little Corn and walked a hundred metres or so to our lodging. Dropping off our bags, we ran out to the nearby beach to take a dip in the sea alongside the setting sun. Afterwards, we feasted on local seafood and pasta at the Italian-run Cafe Desideri, located among the cluster of eateries and sundry shops in town. By 10pm, every spot had closed, and most of the island was asleep amidst a calmness that is increasingly hard to find these days. No cars or motorbikes zoomed past in the night. Even a bicycle was a rare occurrence on an island on which everyone walks. And electricity on the island runs only at night.

Ferry to Little Corn Island, Nicaragua

Ferry arriving to Little Corn Island

We woke up early and excited for one of the purposes of our trip: scuba diving! Little Corn is surrounded by a shallow reef that is home to an abundance of sea creatures: octopus, turtles, lobster, crabs, shrimp, rays, nurse sharks, and more. We dove with Las Palmeras Dive Center, which is conveniently located and well-run. They typically offer two dives in the morning and a night dive departing just before sunset. The night dives were some of the best I’d experienced anywhere. We were treated to octopus sightings and flashes of bioluminescence when the moonlight disappeared behind some clouds in the sky above us, leaving us in darkness and better able to see the flashes of light all around. 

Beach, Little Corn Island, Nicaragua

Beach cove along the northern coast of Little Corn Island, Nicaragua

Dirt trails run across the island through tropical forest filled with mango and other seasonal fruit, leading to small beach coves framed by palm trees.  Worth a visit are the northern beaches (reachable via a 20 minute walk from town past the local stadium, or via a short boat ride), featuring gentle waves great for swimming, a fish shack, and an upscale restaurant called Erizo (part of the Yemaya Reefs resort, the only one on the island). We savored the rondon, a traditional island seafood stew with root vegetables simmered in a coconut milk broth; a cucumber and kiwi salad with calala dressing; palm hearts and fruit ceviche. 

Walking path, Little Corn Island, Nicaragua

Walking path on Little Corn Island

Yemaya Reef, Little Corn Island, Nicaragua

Yemaya Reef, Little Corn

A few coves to the east is Derek’s Place, another lodging option with hammocks and a laid back vibe. Tracking back inland to then join a path leading to the windward side of the island, you’ll reach Little Corn Beach and Bungalow and its restaurant, the Turned Turtle, where you can eat delicious local specialties with your feet in the sand while watching the waves roll in (note: open for breakfast and lunch only). On our last evening on the island, we had dinner by the southern edge of town at the casual, family-run Melissa’s, serving perhaps the tastiest food around. Named after their young daughter, Melissa’s features fresh, locally caught fish and lobster as well as chicken, served as a stew with vegetables and rice. 

Beach, Little Corn Island, Nicaragua

Losing track of time, Little Corn Island

We met a number of foreigners who had come to visit Little Corn, only to find themselves still there years later. The appeal of living on what can perhaps best be described as the edge of civilisation is strong, and it was with some regret that we took the boat back to Big Corn Island to continue our trip. We spent just one night on Big Corn, which was decidedly less charming. It did, however, feature one of the highlights of our trip: Bit Coin Island Bar. It’s a floating wooden bar located off of Arenas Beach (not to be confused with the impostor bar floating nearby, created to piggyback off the success of the original), and you reach it by standing on the beach and waving your arms until they see you and send a speedboat. We didn’t wait for more than a couple of minutes before being whisked away, and in no time at all we found ourselves in the care of Ana, the wonderful bartender who insisted on sharing playlists and dancing with us as the sun dipped below the horizon. 

Beach on Big Corn Island, Nicaragua

Big Corn Island

Sunset at Arenas Beach, Big Corn Island, Nicaragua

Sunset, Arenas beach, Big Corn Island

The following day, we made our way to Granada, located on the shores of Lake Cocibolca, one of many towns known for its colourful architecture, checkered history, and vibrant community in which Nicaraguans and foreigners mingle. Nicaragua’s colonial past is predictably on display, and it’s easy to visit the main sights in a day or two. We stayed at the central and charmingly designed Casa del Consulado, featuring a refreshing pool in one of the courtyards. A block away is the central square, where you’ll find street vendors and the main cathedral. The nearby Garden Cafe is a great option for lunch and has delicious fruit juices and cocktails. For dinner, the more upscale NM Culinary features an inventive take on local specialties, or try one of the many options along the pedestrian-only Calle La Calzada. We enjoyed the old world charm of Hotel Dario, with an open air restaurant and cafe overlooking a lush central courtyard.

Central square in Granada, Nicaragua

Granada’s vibrant central square

Horse carriage, Granada, Nicaragua

Horses ready for a ride, Granada

Calle la calzada, Granada, Nicaragua

Calle La Calzada, Granada

Worth visiting are the Church of the Mercy and the Iglesia Xalteva, each featuring a small belltower from which you can see the expanse of the town leading to the surrounding Mombacho and Masaya volcanos. We also enjoyed a cool stroll around Casa Tres Mundos, one of the oldest buildings in Granada, which today hosts contemporary art exhibits. Afterwards, treat yourself to a cold chocolate from the nearby Bate Bate Chocolate cafe, or even a chocolate massage at the Mansion de Chocolate. Nicaragua is a significant producer of cocoa, and it’s a great gift for those back home. It was time for us, too, to head back home, but the country has so much more to offer. I like to leave something for next time in places I’ve enjoyed visiting, and that is certainly the case with Nicaragua. 

Church in Granada, Nicaragua

The past meets the present, Granada

Where to eat and drink

Cafe Desideri, Little Corn Island

Tranquilo Cafe, Little Corn Island

Melissa’s, Little Corn Island

Turned Turtle (part of the Little Corn Beach and Bungalow), Little Corn Island

Erizo (part of Yemaya Reefs - upscale), Little Corn Island

Bit Coin Bar, Big Corn Island

The Garden Cafe, Granada

Bate Bate Chocolate, Granada

NM Culinary, Granada

Hotel Dario, Granada

Where to stay

Sunshine Hotel, Little Corn Island

Little Corn Beach and Bungalow, Little Corn Island

Derek’s Place, Little Corn Island

Yemaya Reefs, Little Corn Island

Hotel Casa del Consulado, Granada

Uncharted territories: outer islands of the Socotra archipelago

On my last visit to Socotra two years ago, our guide casually mentioned one evening by our campfire that he wanted to organise a scuba diving trip to the outer islands of the archipelago: Abd al Kuri, Samhah and Darsah. The islands are largely uninhabited, save for a few dozen fishermen and their families. More excitingly, no recreational divers had ever been diving off these islands: they were essentially virgin diving territory, something that is next to impossible to find on our planet these days. Needless to say, I was in.

The prospect of being the first people to explore a small corner of the Earth had me excited for months prior to the expedition this spring. The diving off Socotra had been spectacular, with underwater fields of hard coral gardens exploding with color, shipwrecks slowly being taken over by the sea, and large schools of tropical fish unaccustomed to and unafraid of visitors to their depths. What would we find even further afield?

Socotra Qalansiyah port fishing boats

Fishing boats in the port of Qalansiyah, Socotra

The logistics of getting several divers, gear, tanks, a compressor to refill the tanks, a supply of food, and a vessel to transport it all to the outer islands turned out to be formidable. This is, after all, Yemen. Fortunately, our organiser, Piotr Pazola, speaks Arabic, has been to Socotra seven times, and knows what it takes to get things done. There is just one divemaster living on Socotra with a couple dozen tanks and a compressor, so we brought the rest of our gear. In recent years, the United Arab Emirates have been funding numerous development projects throughout Socotra, including a new military airport base on Abd al Kuri. As a result, after much back and forth over dinner and tea and more dinner and more tea, we received permission to travel to Samhah and Darsah aboard the dhow we had previously secured for the week.   

Yemen Socotra dhow ship

Our dhow near the port of Qalansiyah

We met the dhow at noon the following day in the port of Qalansiyah on the western end of Socotra, a few hours’ drive from the main settlement of Hadiboh. The captain, a half dozen or so male crew members, and three armed Yemeni soldiers helped load all of our supplies onto the dhow, and we set sail for Samhah. The dhow had an underbelly where everything was stored; a main level where we ate, lounged, and napped; and a small upper area that received much of the engine fumes and was as a result uninhabitable while the dhow was in motion. The “bathroom” was an open air semicircle, roughly waist height, attached to the outside of the main level with a hole in the middle. As there was no privacy on the dhow, we opted to camp on the islands at night.

Yemen Socotra dhow sunset

Sunset from the dhow, Samhah

Yemen dhow bathroom

The bathroom on the dhow

After about six hours, we reached Samhah just as dusk enveloped the island in darkness. We stopped at the main fishing village on the island to declare our arrival to the local sheikh, an ancient-looking man who extended to us every kindness during our stay (though he did try to barter for one of the other female travellers to remain on Samhah as his companion). We set up camp on a beautiful stretch of beach backed by semi-desert and immediately jumped in for a night swim to cool off. To our delight, the sea around us came alive in numerous shades of bright blue in a grand display of bioluminescence. We fell asleep lulled by the sound of the waves crashing just beyond our sleeping bags. 

Socotra Samhah island beach

The beach where we camped on the island of Samhah

Yemen Socotra Samhah children playing

Local children, Samhah

For the next few days, we explored Samhah and Darsah, diving three to four times a day from morning to night and enjoying meals of freshly caught fish on the beach in between. The diving did not disappoint: we saw turtles, rays, moray eels, barracuda, curious white-tipped reef sharks, nudibranchs galore, stonefish, scorpionfish, bubble algae, and more. On one dive, a pair of sand sharks chased each other round in circles; on another, an enormous school of glass fish ebbed and flowed around giant coral heads. In these moments, there is nothing else but the now as you breathe, take in your surroundings, and recognise how lucky you are to exist in this beautiful world.

Yemen Darsah beach cove

Coves on Darsah

Yemen Socotra scuba diving boat

Returning from a dive all smiles

We named one particularly beautiful site Polish Garden, as the first recreational divers to ever dive the site. We also dove the wreck of a giant bulk carrier that had run aground 10 years prior and was now distributed just below the surface at about 10m, encrusted with coral and giant clams as the sea slowly took it over. Schools of grunt hovered around the former bridge of the ship, and we moved to and fro with the waves as we approached the shallows of the wreck. In between dives, we enjoyed being the only humans for miles as we walked along deserted, postcard-perfect beaches, explored sea caves, and watched the sun set over the mountainous interiors of the islands. Our days finished with simply grilled fish as we watched a multitude of stars migrate overhead before falling asleep on the sand. 

Yemen dhow fishing

Lunch

Scuba diving shipwreck Yemen Samhah

Scuba diving a shipwreck off Samhah island

On our final day, as we motored away from Darsah, the clouds above the island briefly assumed the shape of a vintage tea kettle, with a genie billowing out from it in white wisps. Make a wish, the genie beckoned. Anything you want. 

I made my wish. A few minutes later, the cloud was back to a simple tea kettle, giving off a few puffs of steam.

Socotra Darsah beach deserted

A deserted beach on Darsah island

Oman: order and beauty

In Charles Baudelaire’s poem L’invitation au voyage (inspired by his travels as a youth), he paints an image of both calmness and oriental splendor.

Là, tout n'est qu'ordre et beauté,

Luxe, calme et volupté.

Swimming through a turquoise pool at Wadi Shab, Oman

Swimming through the turquoise waters of Wadi Shab, Oman

I was reminded of his words on a recent trip to Oman, a stunningly beautiful country filled with some of the most charming locals I’ve met on my travels. Upon landing in Muscat in the evening and heading to the rental car booths (highly recommended as an economical and easy way to get around), everyone along the way made me feel welcome, telling me about the city, its origins and its people. I also found it to be a safe country; as a solo female traveller, I was treated everywhere with kindness and respect. After checking into my hotel room, I sat on my balcony, breathing in the fresh sea breeze, enjoying the lingering sensation of saltiness and heat infused with the sweetness of the night.

The following morning, I drove to the MolaMola Diving Center to embark on a day trip to the Dimaniyat Islands, a nature reserve some 40 miles (70 km) northwest of Muscat. The dive boat was full of travellers from around the world, including some locals, and the vibe was one of lighthearted banter and chatter about off the beaten path adventure destinations. The diving was well worth the boat ride out: turtles, cuttlefish, and schools of fish darted around well preserved coral heads with relatively good visibility and a touch of current. Lunch was served on board the boat, and the rocking of the waves lulled us into a deep satiety as we returned to Muscat. I spent much of the rest of the day working, venturing out to the nearby Royal Opera House to admire the architecture and for an evening stroll along the waterfront, where families, couples, and groups of friends created a lively atmosphere.  

Arches at Royal opera house, Muscat, Oman
Along the Muscat waterfront, Oman

Muscat waterfront, Oman

After a light breakfast, I drove south, arriving roughly 90 minutes later at Wadi Shab for a fun adventure combining hiking and swimming. From the parking area, a short boat ride run by locals for 1 rial per person takes you across the river to the start of a scenic hike to a series of natural pools carved over centuries by the moving water. Despite starting early in the morning with few others along the trail, I found I was baking in the heat of the sun by the time I reached the first pool after about 40 minutes. Stripping down to my bathing suit, I put my belongings in a dry bag and began swimming through a series of 3 pools until I reached a narrow crevasse with a shining turquoise pool of water on the other side. A small waterfall gushes in from yet another small pool just above, reachable by a thick rope over wet rock for those seeking more thrills. Lingering, I enjoyed turning all my senses to the sights and sounds of nature, letting any everyday worries flow away with the sound of the water amplified by the rocks around me, carved over centuries. It was a subtle reminder that this river has flowed long before you or me, and will likely continue long after we cease to exist. 

Hiking in Wadi Shab, Oman

Hiking through Wadi Shab, Oman

Hiking Wadi Tiwi, Oman

Wadi Tiwi, Oman

The wadis in Oman come in all shapes and sizes; based on a recommendation from a new friend on the dive boat, I ventured further south along a winding mountain road to Wadi Tiwi. From the parking area, a series of steps lead downwards to a set of pools in a rainbow of green-blue hues. Swimming was a respite from the ever-present heat, and scrambling around a few rocks yielded a stunning view into a deep canyon where the river widened before disappearing from view around the bend. I encountered just five other people who expressed surprise that I had driven myself in a rental sedan; most visitors arrive with a local guide in a 4x4. Rest assured, you’ll fare just fine in any vehicle, but do check the road conditions in advance.

Bimmah sinkhole, Oman

Bimmah sinkhole, Oman

En route back to Muscat via villages forgotten in time, I stopped at the Bimmah sinkhole, which was full of visitors in the afternoon. Many were swimming in its crystal clear waters, but this may be a bit of a letdown after you’ve experienced the wadis further south. Instead, I recommend continuing onwards to Mutrah, a port town just east of Muscat, and enjoying a traditional Omani meal at Bait Al Luban. Their rendition of shuwa, a classic Omani celebration dish of marinated meat roasted in an underground firepit for hours, was fantastic, as was the shorbat adass, a lentil soup enhanced with local spices. Afterwards, get lost in the myriad of wares at the Mutrah Souq, or stroll along the Mutrah Corniche to admire the views of the fort and whitewashed buildings set against a backdrop of sharp mountainous peaks. 

Mutrah corniche, Oman

Mutrah corniche, Oman

Walking in Mutrah souq, Oman

Mutrah souq, Oman

Muscat itself features numerous attractions, ranging from local sweets at Al Hosni to exotic fragrances at the Amouage perfume centre. With just a few days, I lacked the time to visit the Musandam Peninsula, renowned for its diving, or the picturesque villages of the Al Hajar mountains. But trying to experience all these places in one visit would be a mistake; Oman is the type of place that invites you to return, time and time again, with the feeling of always wanting more. 

Là, tout n'est qu'ordre et beauté,

Luxe, calme et volupté.

W hotel infinity pool, Muscat, Oman

Infinity pool overlooking the Gulf of Oman